protective Equipments
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| Modern Protective Equipments Use in Power System [figure 1] |
We see many type of Modern protective equipments used in power system for over voltage & current under voltage & current, distance, frequency ,etc. But some Modern protective equipment's to help protective relays for better operation and some device support for control unit. This modern protective equipment makes the power system more reliable, consistence, linear and efficient.
Modern Relays
Traditional Control panels use old Electromagnetic principle based relays. These are over voltage relay ,over current relay, Earth fault relay . Nowadays Electromagnetic relays instead use solid state and microprocessor principled relays . But nowadays some more relays are used in Control panel for system reliability aimed to make Control system non -linear .
Auxiliary relay
This relay used in circuit breaker auxiliary voltage supply. This helps to control over the circuit breaker remotely or automatic and continuous supervision the trip circuit for trip circuit connection well or not. It detects any abnormality in trip circuit supply failure or connection failure and alarming any abnormal condition in the trip circuit. This relay is necessary in Control panels because when other relays sense any abnormal signal that signal is sent to the circuit breaker by tripping the coil . Tripping coil is the only control of the automatic fault react system . It must need Tripping Coils circuit protection . The relay has a button for checking if the system is wired well or not.
Master trip relay
This relay is used in circuit breaker auxiliary voltage supply. This helps to control over the circuit breaker remotely or automatic and continuous supervision the trip circuit for trip circuit connection well or not. It detects any abnormality in trip circuit supply failure or connection failure and alarming any abnormal condition in the trip circuit. This relay is necessary in Control panels because when other relays sense any abnormal signal that signal is sent to the circuit breaker by tripping the coil . Tripping coil is only control of the automatic fault react system . It must need Tripping Coils circuit protection . The relay has a button for checking if the system is wired well or not.
Reverse power protection relay
This relay is used in power generation or power plants . This relay works as a directional protection. In the generating station two or more generators connected in parallel. One generator supplying the power actively then the other generator is off mode. This will help to prevent power from the bus bar from the active generator to other parallel generators. This relay also works like a differential relay but has some technical differences.
Arc fault relay
Arc fault relay used near the supply line, transformers, circuit breakers, isolators and Other equipment's.Two kinds of sensors use first point sensor and another Fibre optic loop sensor used in Arc fault relay the sensor senses the arc flash and sends a trip signal to the breaker. The relay constructionaly a cable connected between main module and sensor module. Sensor module takes the analog data and sends it to the main module, processes the data and sends it to the trip circuit. Fibre optic loop sensor can detect any type of arc in the whole power system specially it is placed in circuit breakers and Transformers if in detail any small kind of Arc the sensor sends a signal to circuit breaker.
Extra Protective Devices
Surge protection device
Surge protection device installed parallel with breaker and transient voltage through the device directly grounded. The purpose of the surge protection device is to prevent surge voltage from electronic equipment, computers and supply lines. This surge protection system detects any kind of surge either lightning surge or power system surge.
Passive voltage detector
The power systems consist of HV and EHV power lines. So any fault condition in line is difficult to check over there voltage. If you use HV or EHV voltmeter, it is very heavy and bulky. So here use a non contact voltage detector. It is very efficient and lightweight. Wireless transmission technology used in this device.
Slim line XRG
The device is specially used for energy efficiency purposes. Always monitoring and detecting temperature rise in panel box with help of integrated ITS2'S cloud connectivity. Easily monitoring electrical parameters. Time to time monitoring and optimisation network simply and safely. Then send the data to the user control screen.
Fire hazards protecting device
Temperature detector, smoke detector , alarm system,gas detector this all device is fire hazards protection system. Devices mainly connected a separate circuit with auxiliary or emergency power supply. Smoke detector are two types
a) ionization smoke detector
This type of smoke detector uses two plates and between them uses a small amount of radioactive material. When smoke can enter to the chember the smoke make ionize and flow current through the plate connected outside circuit that circuit enable the alarm 🚨.
b) photoelectric smoke detector
This type of smoke detector uses a photoelectric sensor or light sensor. When smoke is found any system inside of smoke visible light can internally reflect . So light sensor detect the light inside of smoke and sent a alarm 🚨 signal to alarm circuit.
Earthquake detecting device
Mainly the system used in nuclear power stations prevents earthquakes,explosions, or any type of motions. The sensor receives the signal according to the situation and shuts down the plant. That sensor works in this system: conventional seismic sensor, MEMS sensor, digital sensor, geophone sensor.
KNX based smart heating, ventilation and air conditioning device
Based on KNX control used for precise substation climate control. The device measured temperature value in the substation and recorded the data and supplied precise heating and cooling in the substation and generated optimum temperature and air quality with saving energy consumption.
Conclusion
With this Modern Protective Equipment the Electrical control system is made more efficient and reliable. In future we see this type or much more advanced system which can make our system more Efficient and reliable. The main base point of this type system is sensors.
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